Attitudes Toward Sex Education Essay - 2797 Words

Sex is huge, sex is important; everyone cares and has something to say about sex. Sex sells. Sex is an immense part of life for almost everyone in the nation and the world, including youth. Teens hear about sex from their friends, from the shows they watch on television, from the music they listen to, and sometimes, once in a while, they hear about it as discussed by their parents and teachers in an educational context. In a Center For Disease Control (CDC) report from the year 2000, about 65% of 19 year-old teens were currently sexually active, with another 20% unsure if they would chose to be active or not in the near future, and only the remaining 15% choosing to be abstinent from sex at this age. Obviously the majority of†¦show more content†¦Should schools teach that abstinence is the key, or should they go with a more open approach and simply offer advice on how to be safe in sexual practices? Should schools and doctors distribute information on birth control, and mak e condoms readily available to students? Should the topic of homosexuality be included in discussions about sex in schools today? These are all important questions where there is no directly right answer. However, one thing is undeniably true, that having sex as a teenager opens a greater chance for sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and perhaps the most prevalent issue, immense impact on a teens psyche, as at this point in their lives they are not only still growing physically, but are still growing emotionally as well. This study will look into what methods are currently being undertaken in schools today to teach Americas youth about sex, and how parents, school officials, and other adults feel about these methods. Primarily this study will use the GSS to examine the effects of gender, educational level attained, and personal history of sexual activity on attitudes towards sex education. Literature Review Sex education is defined by wikipedia as education about sexual reproduction in human beings, sexual intercourse and other aspects of human sexual behavior. ThisShow MoreRelatedAttitude Towards Sex Education Among Adoloscents in Delhi6424 Words   |  26 PagesAttitude Towards Sex Education Amongst Adolescents in Delhi Ajanta Anindita (P09066) Eresh Sabharwal (P09080) Rahul Agrawal (P09102) Personnel Management Industrial Relations, XLRI School of Business and Human Resources Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India Abstract Purpose - The purpose of the study is two-fold. First, it tries to investigate the effect of attitude adolescents posses towards sex and sex education on their level of sex awareness. Also, it tries to establish whether gender is a moderatorRead MoreSingle Sex Education Should Be Enforced Throughout The United States1579 Words   |  7 PagesS. are coeducational. There are over 540 single-sex schools throughout the U.S. since 2010. However, new up to date studies have shown that separating males and females in school has lead to better overall test scores and career opportunities. Boys and girls should be taught in separate schools to improve educational performance. Coeducational schools do not have the time to focus in on areas that the students may struggle with. Single-sex education, along with scientific studies have found ways toRead MoreStd Std Prevention1489 Words   |  6 Pagesproblematic knowledge, attitudes, and concerns towards sex and STIs. Consequently, there is a d irect correlation between misinformed college students and their actions. Due to the lack knowledge, attitude and concern towards sex and STI, college student engage in anonymous sexual activities by having multiple sex partners and unprotected intercourse. This is an important issue not only to the college student population but also to society in general. STI prevention by peer education is needed to helpRead MoreSexual Attitudes Among Adolescents And Young Adults889 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Sexual attitudes among adolescents and young adults have widely been studied in western countries. With the culture differences in eastern countries, fewer studies have been conducted in those countries. Current article will address sexual attitudes in Chinese adolescents and young adults, and look into the future path of sex education in China. Higgins and Sun (2007) have found out that Chinese college-aged students’ attitudes on sexual behaviors and marriage is less open than westRead MorePolitical And Social Involvement Of Public Opinion On Government Policy1503 Words   |  7 Pagesand social involvement is among the most discussed issues nowadays, since the considerable influence of public opinion on government policy is unquestionable. It is obvious that political participation directly affects our lives. The range of attitudes toward controversial aspects of politics, economics, religion, and so on is too broad in American society. In this regard, public opinion research becomes extremely important. It helps us better understand citizens expectations, to assess the impactRead MoreImplementation of Comprehensive Sex Education in High School Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished and designed to implement comprehensive sex education classes as a mandatory curriculum in high school of every state in the U nited States in order for every high school student to graduate. Section Two: Congress hereby finds and declares that the sex education curriculum has been wrongly denied of pursuing a thorough course in order for high schoolers to achieve a better understanding of anything sex related. Sex education, or sex ed, is an instructional course built to instruct issuesRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Effective?885 Words   |  4 PagesThe lack of information and proper sexual vocabulary is the foremost contribution to barriers in sexual communication. Adequate sexual education, knowledge of female and male sexual anatomy terms, the comfort in expressing these terms and religion contribute to barriers in sexual communication. For example, a two sexual partners. This couple can be a homosexual, heterosexual couple, whichever that can be imagined. If one partner does not know how to express and explain what feels good on what bodyRead MoreEducation: Gender and Single-sex School Works1256 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-Sex Schools A time comes in every young teen s life when he or she must decide where to attend high school. As they examine which high school they want to go to, one of the factors they may come across is whether to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. While co-ed schools allow students to develop socially, single-sex schools have the advantage in academic success. Single-sex schools provide a conducive learning environment for students, allow teachers to teach accordingRead MoreThe Lack Of Insufficient Sex Education For Teenagers1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, the lack of insufficient sex education for teenagers is a major problem. This ongoing issue has led to the development of a bigger problem such as teen pregnancy, sexual transmitted infection, and emotional problems adolescence have to face when engaging in sexual activity at a young age. According to the Understanding Human Sexuality textbook (2010) sexuality education can occur in many settings such as at home o r school, and in personal relationships or from information found on theRead MoreEssay on American Pie. Coercive Sexuality693 Words   |  3 Pagespoints of views about sexuality. The question that I want to address in this paper is: Do we as a society treat some coercive sexuality as acceptable, or even desirable? In what way do the attitudes towards these mirrors the attitudes of our society in general? It would shocked some people how teens think about sex so openly and wrongfully, which against many basic human morality. Do we as a society treat some coercive sexuality as acceptable, or even desirable? We as a society don’t

Multicultural Literature Poisoned Story - 2532 Words

Latino culture, specifically Puerto-Rican culture has changed through the course of history. Puerto Rico has witnessed a fusion of races and cultures spanning over many years, starting in 1898, after the Spanish-American war. Ultimately, Puerto Rico was annexed to the United States, the Puerto Rican people made United States citizens with limited restrictions and granted commonwealth status. The changes made during those eras did not come without consequences to the Puerto Rican culture. In Poisoned Story, author Rosario Ferre depicts the political and economic changing norms and tensions between the social classes of the Puerto Ricans culture. In Ferres story Poisoned Story several major themes are prevalent through the story:†¦show more content†¦Rosaura was the daughter of a once wealthy sugar cane plantation owner named Don Lorenzo. It can be assumed that Rosaura was fairly young at the onset of this story, but old enough to read and attend school. Her mother had recentl y died (reason is not specified) and her father quickly remarried to Rosa. This young girl loved to read books in a dense overgrowth of crimson bougainvillea vines (p.1). It should be noted that the color of crimson and red are repetitively used to describe associations with Rosaura. The red association is first in the flower on vine, then in the bloodlike guava compote which gets spilled on Rosas dress. The story represents Rosaura as an educated daughter, a part of the aristocracy who was described to possess the ability to read in a country where the illiteracy rate was very high. It can be assumed through Puerto Rican history and through the narrative description in the story, that unless you were of the wealthy class, education was not an option: ...she was forced to leave school because of his poor business deals (p.9). The literacy rate was very poor in Puerto Rico which was a farming country. The characters that were literate in the Poisoned Story also represent the idea of who usually writes history, which is the literate, or the rich. The structure of the story is centered on the narrative theme of the concept poisoned story. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesRelated Web Sites.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beachams Guide to Literature for Young Adults: About the Author, Overview, Setting, Literary Qualities, Social Sensitivity, Topics for Discussion, Ideas for Reports and Papers.  © 1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copywritten by BookRags, Inc. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced orRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesFunds ................................................................ Funds of Auxiliary Organizations ............................................. Safeguarding the Purpose of Funds ......................................... Money for Personal Literature Orders ......... ........................... Proper Method for Payment of Money by Members ................ Receipts to Church Members ................................................... Proper Method of Remitting Funds to the Conference/ Mission/FieldRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds

Extrovert and Introvert Children Free Essays

Children learn how to express themselves by watching their parents or guardian. They learn how to love; stress, get angry, sadness, or discontent etc†¦Cultural backgrounds have a lot to do with how children show emotion. Is your child’s emotional behavior acceptable by society standards? Parents that are in touch with their feelings and/ or emotions and are able to express themselves without being destructive are more then likely going to raise their child to express the appropriate emotion giving the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Extrovert and Introvert Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents with repressed emotions will also teach their children how to hold back their emotions. A child maybe more of an introvert if they are not aloud to express themselves, as the child that is encouraged to express how they feel is more likely to be an extrovert. Society tolerates emotional expression as long as it is not destructive to themselves or others. Many people will march in protest for or against a cause, which is acceptable by society, but if that protest turns violent then the emotional behavior is now an unacceptable means of expression.As your child grows you should encourage them to have an opinion and to be respectable to others opinions. Teaching your child that it is ok for someone to disagree, and we are not all meant to believe, feel, live and look the same way. Some cultural types are very adamant about what kind, when to, and even who is aloud to express certain emotions. Cultural differences play a huge part on many racist people. You may not be a racist but maybe your parents taught you that it is socially unacceptable to date or marry out side your race. Some cultural differences teach boys that crying shows weakness. Some parents may yell or talk aggressively, while others are very quiet and don’t have a whole lot of communication with the child at all. We as parents are the biggest influences on our child’s emotional behavior. The way we communicate with our child helps them develop emotionally. The way we encourage communication will also determine if they are able to communicate their feelings, needs, likes, or dislikes in a way which is socially acceptable.Children should be taught that all forms of emotions are normal feelings, and that it is ok to be angry, mad, disappointed, scared, confused, or happy etc†¦it’s dealing with those emotions and how we communicate those feelings which count. I always told my daughter that it was ok to tell me how she feels (whether I agreed or not) as long as she does it respectfully. I want her to feel that her opinion matters. How to cite Extrovert and Introvert Children, Papers

Leadership Point of View free essay sample

A Leadership Point of View Subbu Subbiah Indiana Wesleyan University A Leadership Point of View In my opinion, the point of view of any person may be unique to that person’s personality and core values. In addition, I establishing a standardized rule for leadership would be difficult. Thus, I will find it very interesting to discuss my point of view on leadership. Edmonds (2011) discussed the benefits of clarifying a leadership point of view, such as becoming a leader who is able to be more authentic. This will also reflect on the leader’s core values and principles. It also helps the leader to inspire others to clarify their values and their views on leadership. A strong leadership point of view is (a) reality based, (b) memorable, (c) needs disciples, (d) spreads through visible actions, and (e) requires a persistent focus on part of the leader (â€Å"Executive Coach,† 2010). K. Blanchard, M. Blanchard, and Zigarmi (2010), in their leadership point of view discussion, determined that the leadership point of view is guided by eight questions: 1.Who are the influencers (key people) in your life who have had a positive impact on your life, such as parents, teachers, coaches, mentors, or bosses, and what did you learn from these people about leadership? 2. What key events in your life have had an impact on how you lead others? 3. Think about your life purpose. Why are you here, and what do you want to accomplish? 4. What are your core values that will guide your behavior as you attempt to live your life â€Å"on purpose? † 5.Given what you’ve learned from past influences, life events, your life purpose, and core values, what is your leadership point of view – your beliefs about leading and motivating people? 6. What can your people expect from you? 7. What do you expect from your people? 8. How will you set an example for your people? (pp. 290–291) As part of my response to the first question, I would like to discuss our company’s mentorship program and how it helped me learn effective leadership skills. Our company has a mentorship program for all new hires at the managerial level and above.When I joined our company five years ago, I was automatically enrolled into the mentorship program. An executive was assigned to be my mentor for six months. We had weekly meetings to discuss my leadership skills, and my progress was monitored on a monthly basis. From this coaching, I learned several primary leadership skills: (a) how to influence team members to accomplish team goals, (b) how to establish clear goals for the team and help the team to achieve these goals, and (c) how to build relationships with team members and build trust. The executive gave me practical coaching on these three areas to increase my leadership skills. At the end of the mentorship period, I felt that the executive had greatly influenced my life and had helped to become me a successful leader. Regarding the second question, I would like to discuss about a specific event that caused me to become a leader. I was working for an automotive parts manufacturer as an IT systems analyst 10 years ago. I worked for that company for 8 years. As an employee, I had a very good manager who was trustworthy, and an effective leader.He singled me out for special attention because he appreciated my dedication, passion, honesty, and problem-solving skills. When he planned to take a two-week vacation to attend his daughter’s wedding, he asked me to temporarily manage his team members. I initially hesitated accepting his proposal because I had never managed a group of people before, but he motivated me by saying that he thought I would do well. Ultimately, I accepted his offer and managed the team for two weeks. I found the job rewarding and, worked together with the team. We accomplished the tasks that we were assigned to do.This was my first experience in my management career, and it influenced me to continue to seek management opportunities. After that event, I felt very confident that I could lead a team. For the third question, I would like to discuss my initial goals and ambitions. After completing my secondary school, I wanted to become an engineer. I applied to an engineering college and was accepted. After entering the engineering college, I had the option to become either an electronics engineer or a computer engineer. In India in the mid-80s, there were few opportunities for computer engineering graduates.The computer industry was new to India at that time, but I was determined to become a computer engineer even though I realized that finding employment would be difficult. However, in the early 90s, the computer field in India experienced major growth, and many new opportunities were created. It was at this point that I began dreaming of moving to the United States, where the opportunities for computer engineers were even more abundant. Because at that time there was such a high demand for IT workers in the United States, the desire to move there was very common among my colleagues in India.In the mid-90s, I realized my dream and moved to the United States. In summary, I would like to relate how my dreams and goals were achieved because of my focus and determination. I believe that the determination to achieve a goal is one of the most important leadership skills. The importance of having a purpose, goals, and a vision are important leadership skills and concepts that are discussed in the ADM508 and ADM510 courses. For the fourth question, I would like to discuss my core values and how they have helped me become a successful leader. Speaking the truth is not always easy.I strongly believe in speaking the truth at work and in my personal life. Currently, I work with a 40-member team at MasterBrand Cabinets. I also manage external vendor relations. To be successful in my role as a leader, I stress the importance of maintaining the truth when we communicate with each other and with our vendors. Furthermore, we can’t lie consistently and express the same information. In addition, we will be caught if we try to hide the truth. Truthful thinking and acting are the core characteristics of being good human. Telling the truth is one of my core characteristics.If someone lies at work, it affects not only his work performance but also his personal life. Because people cannot change their core personalities easily, they cannot change their behaviors at work and in personal matters. Lying may create some short-term benefits, but in the end, it creates more problems in life. A person’s core characteristics develop during his or her childhood. As parents, we need to make sure that we do not lie to our children and contribute to their bad character development. Children learn and develop major parts of their characters from their parents.As parents, my wife and I always try to consistently promote the benefits of telling the truth and discourage lying when counseling or guiding our kids. We believe this helps them to do the right thing, be honest, and discourages them from lying to us and to others. To be a successful and effective leader, one should have strong core characteristics; this concept was also discussed in the ADM508 and ADM510 courses. For the fifth question, I would like to discuss one of my core values and how my mentor’s coaching helped me to increase my skills for leading and motivating people.From the core values standpoint, I have strong integrity when dealing with my team, business customers, and external vendors. I have witnessed many situations in which leaders did not maintain their relationships with integrity and were fired as a result. Most companies will not tolerate an employee with integrity issues. Maintaining integrity helps me to successfully lead my team and manage external customers and vendors. I strongly believe that my leadership skills were acquired while studying with my mentor at MasterBrand Cabinets. As a senior-level executive leader, he taught me all aspects of motivating people to achieve a vision.For the sixth question, I believe my team at MasterBrand Cabinets can expect me to always look for the best return on the company’s investments. Even though there may be times when my team does not understand why I am cutting costs, it knows that I will always look for good return values. My team may also say that I grasp technical details quickly and help it if it is in need of support. For the seventh question, I expect my team members to trust in and be committed to the company and me. I have often found that many problems occur due to a lack of trust in the team and its leader.I put a great deal of effort into building trust with and among the team members, and I expect the same effort from them. In addition, my work approach is to influence the team members to feel committed to the tasks assigned to them. Because it is part of my nature to always remain committed to my boss and to my company, I expect the same commitment from my team members. If I do not receive the necessary dedication from my team members, I will not be able to guarantee to my boss and the organization. It has been my experience that without team commitment, it is impossible to establish a firm timeline for completing projects.

My Narrow Escape free essay sample

Whenever my mind travels over the past events in my life, one incident stands out prominently to remind me of the narrow escape I once had from almost certain death. It was a plane crashed accident. It was a sunny day, the 777 Boeing plane was on the way from Honking to Confiscator. Everything was good and I was very enjoyable. I was sleeping and assured that this trip would be k, nothing would happened. At about 9 focal in the morning , our plane had arrived In the territory of united State In Californians State. The captain of the plane made an announcement and wanted all passengers to wake p and deleted their settable.I was very excited because 10 more minutes I would stand on the land of USA. So I looked through out the window. Strangely, I saw a little smoke from the left engine, I wondered if that smoke didnt come from the engine and from something else, but when I look closely it was clearly come from the engine and there was fire in it. We will write a custom essay sample on My Narrow Escape or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, I immediately loosen my safety belt and told the flight attendant, so she came with me and looked through out the window, seeing the smoke so she rushed vastly through the captain room.After 2 minutes, the captain informed passenger about the failure of the left engine and wanted everyone not to lose their self-control. Cry and scream was on the plane so loudly so I couldnt hear any attention clearly. What in my mind at that moment was: Me all goanna die Smoke came more and more from the engine and I saw the left engine was stalled. The plane lean on the left side and then right, It Just keep staggered side by side. Ladies and gentlemen, the plane is going to land on SFA International Fairport with 1 engine left. Please fasten your safety belt.Then take out the air-bag above your seat ND follow the instructions by our captain. Thank you. Then: Boom ,the tail of the plane hit the sea-wall of the run way and flame was burning at the bottom of the Boeing. I was so scared that I couldnt open the settable so I thought: If toasted. Luckily, the flight-attendant came vastly to me and used a scissor to cut the settable, therefore I ran Immediately out of the plane through the emergency exit door. l was safe, thanked Jesus, I might have been killed by the smoke or the fire in the plane. That was indeed a very narrow escape, an escape I shall never forget.My Narrow Escape By Punctuation assured that this trip would be k, nothing would happened. At about 9 oclock in the morning , our plane had arrived in the territory of United State in Californians State. Up and tighter their settable. I was very excited because 10 more minutes I would any attention clearly. What in my mind at that moment was: We all goanna die The plane lean on the left side and then right, it Just keep staggered side by side. Boeing. I was so scared that I couldnt open the settable so I thought: Im toasted. Therefore I ran immediately out of the plane through the emergency exit door.

10 Ideas to Rest Mentally After the Study

10 Ideas to Rest Mentally After the Study You’ve studied your backside off, you’re completely prepared to ace the test and now you need to relax. Your mind needs a chance to rest so you can confidently take your exam and move on with your life. In this article you’ll get 10 great ideas for unwinding and giving yourself a break. Enjoy! 1. Sleep for 24 Hours or Just Nap Okay, maybe sleeping for 24 hours isn’t plausible. The point is that sleep is incredibly beneficial in more ways than one. In fact, modern medical science still doesn’t know it all. Suffice it to say that for some, 8 hours of sleep is completely recharging. For others, power naps of 2 to 4 hours do the trick because it’s about quality. Get some rest. Let go and start dreaming. 2. Treat Yourself to Dinner a Movie If you want to go with friends or family, sure, the more the merrier. But if you’ve been extra studious, why not just treat yourself? There’s absolutely no shame in rewarding ourselves and lavishing ourselves with gifts for good behavior. IT’s only natural and really productive from a psychological perspective. Pick a light hearted movie, or a blockbuster, get in a great meal beforehand and then kick back. It’s all about you. 3. Treat Yourself to a Mani, a Pedi and a Massage Why not? Is there anything more relaxing? If you’ve got the bread, spoil yourself with a quality manicure, pedicure and soothing massage. You’ll probably fall asleep! Consider waxing while you’re at it. The cool part is that along with feeling rejuvenated, you’ll also feel more confident! 4. Go Workout for a Couple Hours Yeah. Hit the weights for a taxing circuit-based routine where you hit the whole body with high rep counts and moderate weight. Grab a magazine and hit the stair climber for a half hour at a challenging pace. Jog a few miles. Walk a few miles. Exercise really helps to clean up and focus the mind after it’s been inundated with tons of information. You focus on your body rather than your thoughts. Afterwards you can sleep easier as well. 5. Take a Yoga/Pilates Class These are incredibly popular for a reason. This goes for both men and women of all shapes, colors and sizes. They’re challenging, you get a great workout, you burn tons of calories, you feel relaxed, flexible, confident and revitalized. Plus the soothing music is really disarming as well. 6. Retreat into Nature for a Day One of the best places to unwind the mind is nature, away from the worries and troubles of the human world. You know? Get outside and out from behind the computer/TV/Smartphone/iPad screen! Nature has a way of quieting the mind and stilling scattered emotions. Take a hike. Go on a bike ride. Take a boat ride. Take a day road trip. Go on an easy drive. Something. 7. Do Something Creative Write a short kids story. Paint a picture. Practice origami. Practice a musical instrument. Write a poem or song. Draw a note in the sand at the beach. Create something! After a long session of crunching numbers or facts, exercise the creative part of your mind and see how beneficial that mental balance can be. 8. Watch Some Cable Remember cable? Almost no one watches it anymore in a traditional sense, but it still exists. If you’re not the type of person that almost goes postal whenever a commercial plays, cable TV is one of the easiest ways to â€Å"veg out.† Sitcoms can get you sunk into a couch quicker than bread attracts pigeons on the boardwalk! 9. Read Some Fiction/ A Magazine Grab a home cooking magazine and start reading. Grab a fitness magazine to read through on the treadmill. Dive into a good fiction book and enter into a world that’s completely separate from your studies or even college life in general. This way of disengaging the mind is going to rejuvenate you. And, you never know when what you might be reading could come in handy during a test, or perhaps for that mid-term paper. 10. Talk to People and Practice Listening Take the focus off of you and put it on other people. This isn’t a time to talk to people about their problems and weigh yourself down with drama. Instead, talk to people and while being a great listener steer the conversion in positive directions. Learning how to rest mentally after studying is a critically important skill throughout life, not just in college. Sometimes it takes discipline. Sometimes you have to be stern with yourself to let go and relax. How do you do disengage and let your mind take a breather?

Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genetically Modified Foods - Essay Example And the many varieties of apples we eat today were produced through genetic modification. Traditional genetic modification methods, such as cross-fertilization can produce a desired trait, such as a sturdier plant. Using these methods, scientists mix thousands of genes from several plants to weed out the unwanted traits by multiple attempts at cross-breeding and selective breeding. Modern methods of genetic modification like genetic engineering are more precise, predictable and instant. By controlling the insertion of one or two genes into a plant, scientists can give it a specific new characteristic without transferring undesirable traits. GE is a revolutionary new and fast growing technology. This technology involves randomly inserting together the genes of non-related species, utilizing viruses, antibiotic-resistant genes, and bacteria as vectors, markers, and promoters and permanently altering their genetic codes and creating gene-altered organisms that pass these genetic changes onto their offspring through heredity. In some cases chemical additives manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria may also be classified as genetically engineered foods. ... Fortifying foods with minerals and vitamins helps prevent sickness and keeps the body functioning well. Also, genetically engineered foods can help to introduce improvements in research for other foods as well as help incorporate new ideas for food into production programs. Sometimes genetically engineered foods may prove to be a more economical option and may help in the financial problems particularly in poorer nations, but have ecological consequences. Although most genetically engineered foods are safe, some may not be. Most consumers consider these foods as those with added substances which are most often proteins. This is because genes are "translated" into proteins by cells. Just as with conventional food additives, substances added to foods via genetic engineering may in some instances prove hazardous. The main health with protein additives in genetic engineered foods is that they may cause susceptible individuals to become allergic to foods they could consume safely otherwise. Food allergies are a serious public health concern as allergic reactions can cause discomfort and in some cases fatal anaphylactic shocks. Since virtually all known food allergens are proteins, foods with new proteins added via genetic engineering could sometimes become allergenic. Unfortunately, food related allergies are poorly understood and often scientists fail to test the potential allergenicity of genetically engineered foods. Genetically engineered products clearly have the ability to have toxic effects on human health. In 1989 a genetically engineered brand of L-tryptophan, a common dietary supplement, killed 37 Americans and permanently disabled or afflicted more than 5,000 others with a

Intentional Torts to Property and Defenses of Intentional Torts Essay

Intentional Torts to Property and Defenses of Intentional Torts - Essay Example Intentional torts always refer to such wrongdoings intentionally directed to one party to inflict pain, cause harm or injuries to the other party. In connection to the above, it is important to acknowledge the fact that there are several types of intentional torts. These may comprise of battery, assault, false imprisonment as well as frauds. In addition, intentional torts may always take the form of trespassing, as well as invasion of privacy. Other than intentional torts, other types of torts include negligence and strict liability torts (Emanuel, 2009). Negligence torts always take the form of failure of a person to act in a manner that demonstrates careful attention to the affected party, thereby making the other party sustain injuries and harm that could have been provided if good care could have been observed in time (Okrent, 2010). Strict liability torts assume the nature of negligence torts. In strict liability torts, the offender may be responsible for the damages and injurie s sustained by the plaintiff even if the offender was not negligent. This paper is going to identify some of the intentional torts and possible defenses in the provided hypothetical scenario. In the hypothetical scenario, there are different types of intentional torts evident. Invasion of privacy is one of the types of intentional torts in the hypothetical scenario. This is evident when John grumbles at Leroy when Leroy ordered for a drink. In this instance, John warns Leroy to mind his own business yet Leroy had nothing to do with him. The second type of intentional tort evident in the scenario is the assault. This is evident when John shouts obscenities at Jane. In addition, he also grabs Jane’s wrist in a manner that shows he can inflict some pains on her. John also verbally assaults Leroy by telling meddling into his own privacy by telling him to mind his own businesses. Trespassing is also another type of intentional tort that is

Choose one topic from the suggested topics on Hamlet. I will upload Research Paper

Choose one topic from the suggested topics on Hamlet. I will upload again - Research Paper Example Hamlet serves as one of the greatest tragedies ever produced not only in the history of English Literature, but also in the history of all literary pieces of the world at large (Mack 44). Created by the illustrious dramatist of all ages William Shakespeare by 1602, the play concentrates upon the revenge to be taken by the protagonist Hamlet from the King Claudius for murdering his father while his sleeping in the orchard (Evans 197). Shakespeare has elaborated the theme of the play in a powerful manner through various characters involved into the developments associated with the revenge in one way or the other, which proves his command over depicting both goodness and evil (Daiches 562)-- the elements that exist in every personality as well as in all social establishments of the world without discrimination Macionis 130). Consequently, the playwright has skillfully portrayed the phenomena existing in the social, natural and physical environment of humans at large. By making a critica l examination of the protagonist, it becomes crystal clear that on the one side, Hamlet appears to be the representative of goodness, who looks determined to punish the cruel and treacherous murderer of his father (Bloom 410-11); and on the other side, he is confused and reluctant to kill Claudius while he is praying and meditating in his chamber (III, iii, 73-96). It successfully demonstrates the external and internal conflicts Shakespeare aims to define in the play (Denton 2009) through his characters. The internal conflicts haunt Hamlet first due to the his mother’s second marriage to Claudius within few weeks of the death of her first husband. It is therefore, he laments that even a beast, wanting the discourse of wisdom (I, ii, 149-50) could wait more than her mother, who did not bother to delay her incestuous marriage for some appropriate period of time even (I, ii, 156-57). Hence, Hamlet mourns the death of his father in the same manner that had been in vogue in the El izabethan era (Kirsch 21), where he has demonstrated his sheer feelings of love for his father by exclaiming that his inky cloak (I, ii, 77), reflects mere a small proportion of his grief. Similarly, he also experiences internal conflict on finding his uncle at the position of his father, though he is far inferior to his father in all regards, in the same manner that ordinary people are inferior to the mighty Hercules (I, ii, 153). Secondly, disclosure made by the ghost of his father regarding his foul and most unnatural murder (I. v. 25), also endorses his suspicion regarding Claudius’s hand in the murder of his father. Since Hamlet has learnt about the story of his father’s murder, he is urged by the ghost to take revenge from Claudius of such a cruel and unfair crime he has committed against King Hamlet. Hence, the ghost’s disclosure about the murder of King Hamlet turns Prince Hamlet aggressive, who prefers to stay in Denmark rather returning to Wittenberg t o continue his education. Inner conflict Hamlet undergoes could be discovered while his dealings with Ophelia, the girl he has been in love with. He not only intends to marry her, but also obtains a powerful response from her side too (III.i.112–

Knowledge Based Practice in Substance Abuse Interventions

Knowledge Based Practice in Substance Abuse Interventions Knowledge based practice Introduction This paper will look at how research informs practice. I will be looking at young people and substance misuse and older people and how research might inform or affect my practice. Good professional practice is knowledge based practice which often means that it is practice based on what others have done, or research that others have undertaken. Research is an important part of most aspects of the human services. In health, in education, and in social work research is important informs our view of the world and can provide a framework for dealing with a particular subject or case. Research has a prominent place in the social services and it is important to the social worker. When people undertake research into areas of social and health care, then these findings and recommendations are generally used to inform practice. Not only is research important in informing social work practice, it is also important when it comes to Government policy. Like most social workers I have found some research an invaluable asset when dealing with disaffected and vulnerable groups such as young children and socially excluded young people. Some research may have been undertaken some time in the past but its findings still prove to be useful today. Willis’ (1977 in Giddens 2001) used group interviews (what are sometimes called focus group interviews) in his study of working class boyS and the ways in which the education system attempts to prepares them for the labour market. Both individual and group interviews were used in collecting this data, and while the work has been criticised it provided, and continues to provide useful information about how working class boys communicate and interact. This type of research is a source of invaluable knowledge to someone working with young people. It provides some insights into why youngsters react against authority and why they might act the way they do. Research can be a two edged sword, on the one hand it informs, and on the other it can produce lasting impressions that can lead to oppressive policy making. While Government papers on young people set a framework for soc ial workers, this kind of early research is useful when dealing with them in a practice context. Yet another valuable, yet some might say, problematic, source of information is Bowlby’s (1946) work on why young people commit crime or get involved in substance abuse. While Bowlby’s work, (which points to maternal deprivation as a cause of problematic behaviour in young people )has been deeply criticised within academic circles his ideas still have a significant impact on current Government discourses on youth. Certainly many social workers find themselves dealing with youngsters who have substance abuse problems and may feel themselves in an ethical dilemma when confronted with some of the policies in this area. One of the worst influences that work such as this has had is the growing tendency to treat anyone who does not conform to society’s norms as sick and deviant. Government initiatives on drugs, more often than not, appear to be targeted at poor and working class communities. Further there is a tendency for these initiatives to link poverty and drugs in the minds of other people. If an adolescent comes from the poorer part of town and is perhaps unemployed then this can lead to people in authority thinking that he/she is more likely to be seen as a drugs user even if they are not. Eley (2002) maintains that this leads to the association of drugs and crime with those who are already underprivileged in society. For social workers this is can be an extremely problematic situation. Do I as a social worker automatically assume something about a young person who is in trouble, and label them as sick and deviant, or do I adhere to what I believe to be the case, that everyone is of equal worth and therefore deserves an equal chance. If I am to abide, in my professional capacity by the 1998 Human Rights Act, then ethically, I could be duty bound to ignore Government guidelines in this area. Moore (1996) says that Government overstates the case on drug misuse when it refers to drug users as addicts because, he argues, most of the drug use that takes place in Britain is recreational This implies that those who use them are in control of the situation with regard to when they take drugs e.g. weekends, and how much they spend. Theorists are divided on why adolescents take drugs therefore it might be argued that the reason adolescents use drugs are quite complex and differ from person to person. This means that a social worker should act in accordance with the Human Rights Act when dealing with the problems of young people because that also implies treating each case on its individual merits Becker (1963) has argued that young people are often viewed as delinquent because of the way society viewed certain acts, such as drug taking. Calling or labelling a young person as deviant is problematic because it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Those in authority often take the view that young people, and particularly underprivileged young people are deviant and if the label is applied often enough, and by those with the power to apply it, then that is how the adolescent may come to view themselves. Taylor, Walton and Young (1973) however, say that no theory is sufficient unless there is also an analysis of the power relationships that exist in society. Hall (1978) maintains that the way in which adolescents are represented in the media has a huge effect on the way in which they are viewed by others. This can then have a further effect on their actions. In my own professional practice I have to be aware of such theories and how they inform public perception and Government policy. I also have to be aware of them in my practice and this might involve questioning the assumptions and methods behind certain research findings i.e. I am questioning their theories. Theories aid us in making sense of the world, one explanation of theory is an observation of observed regularities for example that women do more housework than men. Many things are not self-evident but need an explanation, thus Abbott and Wallace (1997) maintain that all of us are theorists because of the need to analyse and interpret our ordinary everyday experiences in order to make sense of them In sociological theory, some theories are extremely abstract, for example critical theory. Merton (1967 in Giddens, 2001) has called these theories ‘grand theories’ because they operate at a general and abstract level, theories such as those of Willis and Bowlby are middle range theory, because they are looking at an aspect of social life. Usually Merton (1967in Giddens 2001) maintains it is the middle range theories that are more likely to guide research. Labelling theory and Becker’s work, for example is a middle range approach to research that was developed out of the sociology of deviance. The problem is that while I as a social worker dealing with a young person with substance abuse issues might prefer to treat that person as an individual, and ethically I am bound to do so, Government discourses take a quite different view. Drug abuse and crime as mentioned earlier are closely associated in public discourses with poverty and this is evident in recent policy making. When evaluating research and research findings social workers need to find some sort of framework within which to evaluate the work this might be the 12 step approach advocated by Locke or it might be something as simple as using a content analysis approach to evaluate what the researcher has done and decide how effective that research may be. The Government’s report, No More Excuses (The Causes of Youth Crime) states that deprivation and poverty are usually a contributing factor in youth crime.[1] Government research suggests that while young people who offend may not do it very often, there are a few persistent offenders who are responsible for the greater part of youth crime new Youth Justice reforms will concentrate on preventing crime and on early intervention where children and young people are at risk of becoming involved in crime.[2] Leitner et al (1993) maintain that the British public is concerned about drug use, drug dealing, and the crime that is associated with this. Pudney (2003) maintains that if young people take soft drugs such as cannabis then they are more likely to progress to hard drugs and to criminal activity. He also argues that such behaviour is strongly associated with unobservable personal characteristics and New Labour have consistently targeted drugs initiatives at underprivileged commun ities. Working with young people means that I have to take into account Government reports as well as other research findings. At the same time I, like many other social workers, have as Moore (2002) points out, entered social work because of a commitment to social justice, or at the very least a desire to help others and to see improvement and positive change in people’s lives. Some critics maintain that the way in which social services often operates is self-serving rather than serving the needs of the clients, yet social workers do police themselves and their profession. The way in which they do this is to think critically about what they are doing, why they are doing it, and what moral implications this may have. Certainly social work ethics should not lead anyone to believe that the social work profession should serve itself, rather the needs of the client should be most important. One of the ways this is achieved is by establishing clear relationship boundaries early on and thi s is vital when working with young people who have issues around substance misuse. The BASW has to say about social work ethics and values. The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work (BASW,2001). [3] Social work practice, in order to be ethical practice must be centred on the needs of service users Social workers of necessity intervene in people’s lives and have an influence on situations, ethical decision making is therefore a vital component of social work practice (Osmo and Landau, 2001). Yet another area where social work practice can be a minefield is in working with older people. When working with older people a social worker has a duty to abide by the 1990 NHS and community care act. Working with older people can be difficult on the one hand there is what you want to achieve as a social worker and on the other there are guidelines that may prevent you from doing your best for a client. There are an increasing number of legal and policy requirements that the social worker dealing with an older person must adhere to. It is difficult for the social worker to negotiate the needs and wishes of the client while remaining within the legislative framework. Working together is not always straightforward. The more recent Health and Social Care Bill of 2001 gives Government powers to require health bodies and local authorities whose services are failing to pool their resources. Parrott (2002) undertook research into the care management process and how it affects social worke rs and service users. He points out that there is often no common guidelines on which services should be provided, or the standard of care to expect. The social worker may find that he/she has to perform most of the assessment and to discover whether an older person’s family would be prepared to help so that he/she could remain in their own home. Whatever the decision the social worker would also need to ensure that the client could, at some level, participate in the decision making process. Thus the process is fraught with problems, for example a social worker might assess a person as needing a certain level of care but this has to be agreed with the social worker’s supervisor and with care management. So the person may not receive the care that the social worker deems appropriate. Thus the social worker has a dilemma. While knowledge does inform practice it is not the only thing that the social worker has to deal with, management decisions also affect the process as Parrott’s research shows. One thing that has become apparent to me is while research can inform practice, it should not be allowed to determine it, if and when it does this can result in oppressive practice and a complete disregard of the rights of the service user and this is against ethical practice as outlined by the BASW. Conclusion This paper has looked at knowledge based practice and how research informs what a social worker does. When dealing with research one is not looking at it in isolation but also having to deal with policies that emerge as a result of that research. Many of the funding restrictions that social workers have to deal with are a result of the 1988 Griffiths report which found that getting organizations to work together, and using a market based approach to social care would save the Government money. Bibliography Abbott and Wallace (1997) An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives, London, Routledge Becker, H.S. 1963. Outsiders. New York, Free Press. Bennet, T. Holloway, K. and Williams T. 2001.Drug use and offending: Summary results of the first year of the New-ADAM research programme. Home Office Research Study 236 Home Office London Blaxter, L, Hughes, C and Tight, M (1996) How to research. OU press Bowlby, J. 1946. Forty-four Juvenile Thieves. London, Tindall and Cox. British Association of Social Workers (2002) The Code of Ethics for Social Work.http://www.basw.co.uk/. Bryman, A 2004 Social Research Methods 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press Eley, S. 2002. â€Å"Community-backed drug initiatives in the UK: a review and commentary on evaluations.† Health Social Care in the Community10(2),99-105. Giddens, 2001 4th ed. Sociology Cambridge, Polity Hall,S. Critcher, C. Jefferson,T. Clarke, J. and Roberts, B. 1979 Policing the Crisis. Mugging, Leitner M., Shapland J. Wiles P. 1993. Drug Usage and Drugs Prevention: The Views and Habits of the General Public. HMSO, London. Moore, S. 2002 3rd Edition Social Welfare Alive Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes Moore, S.1996 Investigating Crime and Deviance London, Collins Educational Parrott, L 2002 Social Work and Social Care London, Routledge. Taylor Walton and Young. 1973. The New Criminology. London, Routledge 1 [1] http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs/nme.html#CHAP1 [2] http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs/nme.html#CHAP1 [3] http://www.basw.co.uk/articles.php?articleId=2page=2

battle of hastings recruiting :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  October 14th of the year 1066 two armies faced each other near the town of Hastings. 10,000 Norman troops under the command of William of Normandy faced 8,000 Anglo-Saxon soldiers led by Harold the current king of England. Geoffrey Parker, Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare (Cambridge: 1995), pp. 82-3. Harold's 8,000 men consisted of Housecarls, the local Fyrd, and local village volunteers. David Howarth, 1066: The Year of the Conquest (New York: 1977),pp.170-1 The two armies clashed on that day and history tells us the outcome. But what forces go into creating an army of these sizes? The three main Anglo-Saxon troop types will be defined and the forces that created them will be examined below.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three troop types would fight for the Anglo-Saxons the Housecarls, the Fyrd, and local peasantry. The Housecarls were professional soldiers under the service of the King and the Earls of the Kingdom. Harold used the Housecarls of the King and his Housecarls of his Earldom of Wessex. He also used the Housecarls of his two brothers. The Fyrd was a volunteer citizen army provided by the Thanes of the kingdom. The local peasants fought to protect their homes. David Howarth, 1066: The Year of the Conquest (New York: 1977), pp. 80-1. There were two divisions of fyrd in the 11th century one consisting of a local peasant force and the other a select levy force. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), p. 26.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The local peasant Fyrd that fought at Hastings came from Sussex. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), p.30. All freemen of the area were obligated to provide protection for the local area. This obligation was connected with financial and agricultural obligations. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), pp. 35-6. The peasant fighting force is a Germanic tradition in origin. Based upon a freeman's duty to defend the lands of the king, however the peasant force is a limited army. The king is required to pay the troops if needed for them to leave the area. The peasants have the right to return to there homes at the end of the day. However, they must provide their own equipment. C. Warren Hollister, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions: On the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford: 1962), pp. 27-8. The primary function of the peasant Fyrd was to provide defense against enemies attack from the sea, such as the events at Hastings.

Pharmacia & Upjohn Case Study

Kayem Foods, Inc. Case Study Kayem Foods, Inc Buzz Marketing Al Fresco Chicken Sausage STRATEGIC ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Matt Monkiewicz is the director of marketing for Kayem Foods, Inc.. Mr. Monkiewicz was put under pressure to decide whether or not to us a buzz marketing plan for their Al Fresco chicken sausage brand, which would be implemented as part of their advertising campaign for 2006. The Al Fresco chicken sausage brand was able to capture a large portion of their target market, making them the number-one brand in its target market.The dilemma that Monkiewicz faces is whether or not the increase in sales were due to the buzz marketing campaign they implemented the previous year or if other advertising and promotional campaigns were the sole reason for the increase in sales. In order to make a decision, Monkiewicz must analyze all parts of the advertising and promotional campaigns that they have previously used and decide which of these campaigns actually contributed to the sale s increase and which campaigns didn’t. KAYEM FOODS, INC. Kayem Foods, Inc. as been around for almost a 100 years and is located in Chelsea, Massachusetts. The company has historically made its fortune from selling fresh delicatessen meats, hot dogs, and sausage. Annual sales, from the fiscal year ending February 28, 2004, were approximately $140 million. The majority of their sales came from meat products that were sold under several brand names, with the majority of the meat products being that of hot dogs. They have several brand names for which their products are sold and the most well-known brand is Kayem.There has been a continually rising market for sausage. Breakfast sausage has increased by 2 percent and dinner sausage has increased by 4 percent in 2003. This is why Kayem Foods, Inc. is desperately working to find a way to capture this rapidly growing market. Kayem Foods director of marketing, Matt Monkiewicz, feels that in order to adequately capture a significant po rtion of the market they must be willing to think outside the box and possibly implement non-traditional styles of advertising. Buzz marketing does exactly what Mr.Mankiewicz is looking for in his advertising campaign, which that they have used in the previous year and it has made them the number one-selling brand of chicken sausage, however, not all of the sales force at Kayem believes this increase in sales were due to Buzz marketing. Although Kayem has been able to substantially increase the sales of Al Fresco, they still have a lot of concerns pertaining to their profit margins. In the recent years supermarkets have been able to gain industry power, when it comes to dealing with manufacturers that supply them with products.The supermarkets now demand larger discounts and coupons for their customers. There is also a force keeping prices down due to the tense competition within the industry. In the past two years Kayem’s private label activity has been operating at break-ev en and co-packs have been operating below break-even. Obviously Kayem is in business to make money and not operate at break-even. They must use an aggressive advertising technique to get their profit margin back up. INSIGHTS TO BUZZ MARKETING You can sum up the definition of Buzz marketing in just 3 words,† word of mouth. Many companies have found this advertising approach to be very profitable and appealing to their bottom line. In today’s market, especially due to the rise of social networking, many companies depend on their current customers to help spread the word of their products. Buzz marketing helps companies build brand loyalty and awareness by building a personal relationship with their consumers. Many times consumers can be more easily persuaded towards purchasing a product when it is recommended from someone they know or trust and Buzz marketing does exactly that.Kayem Foods, Inc. previously used a company called Bzz Agent to implement their Buzz marketing c ampaign. Bzz Agent currently had 60,000 agents and these agents volunteered to try the products and then would use word of mouth techniques to get these products in the hands of their friends, acquaintances, and possibly strangers. Most of the Buzz agents actually enjoyed testing new products and then talking about them to their friends, they felt some type of satisfaction for being one of the â€Å"firsts† to discover the product.Bzz Agent also found that most of their agents advertised their products in all of the social networking settings, which also helps spread the word of the products. In recent years, marketing managers have found that product endorsements were more credible when it came from a friend or acquaintance. PLAN OF ACTION Mr. Monkiewicz must decide on which advertising campaign Al Fresco will use for next year. He must decide if they will usual traditional advertising like: television, radio, magazines, and billboards.Another option for his campaign could b e Buzz marketing, which if he decided to use he must develop a better way to track the increase in sales that come from Buzz marketing. He may also decide to implement more than one style of advertising and possibly combine the different approaches together, however, Monkiewicz has only been granted a marketing budget of $185,000 so he must be fully aware of his choices. Some of his choices may also not be feasible because of their high cost. Since Monkiewicz was only allowed $185,000 for advertising campaign, he will not be able to choose the more expensive advertising options like television.What he felt appropriate options for his advertising campaign were Buzz marketing, magazines, and price-off coupons. Based off of the chart above, Better Homes and Gardens magazine will also not be an option. He is left with Buzz marketing, trade marketing, food and wine magazine, cooking light magazine, and price-off coupons. RECOMMENDED AL FRESCO MARKETING STRATEGY The efficiency of buzz mar keting is undeniable, penetrating social networks and building personal relationships with consumers. With that being said, Matt Monkiewicz should choose to implement the Buzz marketing strategy for their advertising campaign.It is also a cheap option that has multiple benefits. In order to track the success of their Buzz marketing campaign he will just simply ask his Bzz agents to have the people they reach out to, for their product, fill out an online survey. This survey will ask questions like: will they continue to buy Al Fresco products, were they satisfied and if not, why? , and also if they were able to find their products at their local super market. Mr. Monkiewicz should combine his Buzz campaign with Trade marketing, with the combination of these two approaches he will surely get the word out there and it will help to build brand awareness.He can also use the remaining, [$185,000 – ($75,000+$80,000) = $30,000], $30,000 for price-off coupons, which will further help to expand their portion of the target market. TARGET MARKET Al Fresco should keep the same target market as before. Their target market should be women that range in age from 25 to 45 years old. This is the best suitable target market for their product, considering that this is the most health conscious market out there. What Al Fresco should do, however, is use their advertising efforts to capture a larger portion of this market. MARKETING MIXProduct Strategy – Al Fresco should keep their product of chicken sausage and their current flavors. Price Strategy – One thing that Al Fresco must do is not discount their products as much. We know that the sales force for Al Fresco thought the primary reason for becoming the number one selling product of chicken sausages was because of constant discounts they were giving away to the supermarkets. If Al Fresco can cut down on their discounts and they can continue to capture the majority of the market then they will be able to se e how effective their Buzz marketing campaign was.Distribution Strategy – The current distribution strategy implemented by Al Fresco has proven to be successful so they should continue to use the same strategy, â€Å"If it’s not broken, don’t fix it. † Advertising and Promotion Strategy – Al Fresco will use the combination of trade marketing, price-off coupons, and Buzz marketing for their advertising campaign. If they can effectively implement these low cost advertising approaches then they should be able to gain back some of their profit margin that they have been so concerned about in the past couple years.

Racism A Social Issue in the USA Essay Example

Racism A Social Issue in the USA Essay Example Racism A Social Issue in the USA Essay Racism A Social Issue in the USA Essay Essay Topic: African Religions and Philosophy In the Us Social Issues My Ideological Perspective: Disaffected Comfort Dondo-Dewey SOWK 281 December 5th, 2013 Dr. Katharine Hill Introduction The purpose of this paper is to critically identify and analyze how the multiple influences have shaped my Ideological world views on important social issues such as, poverty, racism, classism,immigration,obesity,crime and the Justice system as well as health care disparities. In this paper, I will identify how these worldview perspectives relate to some of the principles listed in the NASW Code of Ethics; Social work for social Justice and also the UN Declaration on Human Rights principles. Lastly, this paper attempts to identify any conflicts and or harmonies I possess towards the professional frameworks of social work. Religious and Socio-economical Perspectives Based on my responses to the political typology quiz, I am Disaffected, along with 11% of the American public. The Disaffected are a group of individuals that is highly critical of both government and business, while sympathizing with the poor by supporting social welfare programs. Immigration matters are a strong concern for this group. For the most part, the majority of this group believes that the country annot solve many of its important problems and they are conservative both religiously and socially. This group of people is comprised of people who are mostly financially stressed; nearly half describe their households as struggling and about two-thirds only have a high school education or less. 26% possess a US passport, which is below the national average. Interestingly, 23% of this group of people follow NASCAR racing compared to the national average of 33%. More disaffected is parents (44%). To a larger extend, the typology quiz was somewhat accurate; I do sympathize ith the poor and also support social welfare programs. On the contrary, however, I do entirely believe that country can solve its issues and I believe that I am a liberal socially and religiously. I believe my Ideological perspectives and values have been greatly influenced my religious and social upbringing; born and raised in a conservative, rich and very traditional family, I grew up looking at life from the lens of a socially, religiously, conservative and privileged perspective. Having said so, however, I have not always agreed with my fathers involvement in Zimbabwean politics and the corruption that specially the unequal distribution of wealth between those in politics and government and the average person in Zimbabwe. I have always had my own disagreements with the institution of dictatorship and patriarchy; I still believe that most of my young adult life, I have looked at life from a more conservative lens, but also questioned inequalities in my community. Changes in Perspectives Immigrating to the United States at a very young age forced me to live and experience other cultures and religions, especially while attending the College of Saint Catherine. Upon arriving at the College of Saint Catherine, my life changed ecause I was given the opportunity to gain exposure to life experiences that were taboo to my belief systems, including exposure to the LGBTQ community and other religious practices other than the Christian practice that I am familiar with; I have been exposed to Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Atheism to name a few. Being a minority woman, for the first time, it was easy for me to associate with others from different cultures who were similar to myself; hence my ability to change my perspectives on some social, religious and also socio-economic issues. My views and my definition of poverty have changed since I moved to the United States. I used to have a limited knowledge of what it meant to be a minority group or to be poor. Having to deal with the triple Jeopardies of being female, black and an immigrant, I have endured issues like discrimination in the work place and realizing obvious income disparities and this has pushed me into the marginalized groups. Iceland and Wilson (2009), state that areas segregated by race and class frequently saddle poor people with high rent burdens, lack of access to housing, wealth, and housing health risks. All of these factors, as well as historic disenfranchisement, contribute to higher, largely entrenched poverty rate. Every year I have lived in the United States, I have encountered multiple experiences that have changed my perspectives on economic, socio-political and religious perspectives. My views on racism, poverty, and class to name a few have changed as I gain better understanding of my position in a society in which I am a minority. I used to believe that everyone can make it in the idea of the American dream if they only worked hard; in this same mindset, I used to think that those people who were living in poverty, were not trying hard enough but these views have changed with my own personal experiences. I now understand the systematic ways in which minorities are marginalized and are often under- represented in policy making and are somehow held back from higher paying positions making it difficult for certain populations to advance. NASW Code of Ethics UN Declaration of Human Rights According to the NASW (2008) value for Social Justice, the primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human wellbeing and to help meet the basic human needs of all people with a particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty. This is ne of the most important roles that social and poor while supporting social welfare systems, therefore agreeing with the NASW mission for the social work practice. This is accurate because I do sympathize with those who are less fortunate and the marginalized and vulnerable members of the society. According to the United each person needs for a healthy and comfortable life, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and other social services. People have the right to help if they are unable to work. Mothers and children should receive special care and help. This supports my views on those who are poor, vulnerable and marginalized. I believe that it is important to be an advocate for those who do not have the means to speak for themselves and become the middle -man between the resources they need to get and assist them getting those resources. As stated by the United Nations, I believe all human beings deserve an access to basic lifes needs like food, shelter, clothing and medical care. Conflicts Harmonies with professional frameworks of social work According to Stuart (2012), social work draws from many frameworks for practice, but some of these frameworks have had more influence on the profession of social work han others. Among the many different types of frameworks are the Ecosystem perspective, the Strengths perspective, cultural competence perspective, social work ethics and values, social work licensure, and social work practice expectations. Among these many frameworks of practice, I lean towards the strengths perspective and the social work ethics and values more than the cultural competency and the Ecosystems perspective for several reasons. In applying the Strengths perspective in social work practice, the assumption is that every individual, family, group or ommunity has some strength and focusing on them leads to growth and overcoming difficulties. I am in harmony with this perspective because it empowers the clients who in most cases do not have that sense of empowerment. I believe a long- term solution to helping others is not to simply give resources but to teach them how to access them and the strengths perspective seems to draw off of this thought. I do not strongly agree with the cultural competency perspective based on how the NASW defines it; Social workers should understand culture and its function in human ehavior and society, recognizing the strengths that exist in all cultures (NASW 2008). This idea seems to contradict the concept of social workers being learners from their clients. I do not believe that culture is stagnant, it keeps changing as suggested by Laird (1998bbecoming culturally competent is becoming increasingly challenging, he questions whether one can become competent in a culture that is going through constant change. For instance, trying to comprehend the culture of African American individuals, whose culture was defined through slavery, present day African Americans are trying to redefine their own culture based on the present day situation where we have the first African American president. This school of thought argues that instead of becoming competent in their clients cultures, social workers should be aware of their own cultures and be the informed not knowers, so that they can learn about their clients culture from that clients perspective (Laird(1998). I agree with the fact that one cannot learn about other peoples culture or traditions from simply reading or researching about it because within each culture, there are eparate individual families with diverse norms, therefore I disagree with the Cultural Competency based practice. Mo Ye Lee (2005), states that often in social work practice, there is a tendency to pathologize clients, requiring a diagnosis as part of the helping relationshiop. Lee suggests that as we go out to practice, it may be good to assume that not all the clients you will encounter have problems but maybe wrong. I agree with this idea because it seems like a powerful insightful philosophy. This is in essence the strengths -based approach and I am in agreement with this ramework of social work practice. Lastly, I am also in disagreement with the Ecosystems perspective in social work practice; it focuses on the interplay between the person and his or her environment. It seems to focus on the present environment and I think that a persons past experiences play a huge role in their present environment. Although it is true that an individuals environment influences their whole being, the Ecosystem theory seems to ignore the fact that people have a past and that may be the causative agent of the present environment and personal traits. I believe in a holistic approach to social work practice because people are complex and have different needs and wants. Conclusion In conclusion, my religious and cultural upbringing has greatly influenced how I look at the world, but I now must add my own personal life experiences how they can change ones worldview. Although I was raised in a privileged, politically and religiously conservative background, these views have changed over the years as I have had my own personal life experiences which have changed my definitions of some social issues like racism and poverty. As a result, this has increased my illingness to work towards the elimination of some of these inequalities in the society. As Nelson Mandela stated in his popular Long Walk to Freedom Speech, people are taught to hate but they can also learn to love and love is easier than hate so people can easily learn to do the right thing. I was raised in one way that molded my perspectives on so many topics, but I also learned from my environment over time and this has changed many of my world views. References Dean, R. G. (2001). The Myth of Cross-cultural Competence . Families in Society:The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 623-625. Marla-Berg-Weger. (2013). Social Work and Social Welfare. New York : Routledge. Nations, U. (2013, August 23). www. unitednations. org. Retrieved from www. un. org/humanrights/clause25: http:// unitednation. rog Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 623-625 Dean, R. G. (2001). The Myth of Cross-cultural Competence . Families in Society:The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 623-625. Marla-Berg-Weger. (2013). Social Work and Social Welfare. New York : Routledge. Nations, U. (2013, August 23). www. unitednations. org. Retrieved from www. un. org/humanrights/clause25: http://unitednation. rog

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essays

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essays Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay As I sit following to my sister. Natalie. she seems saddened as she tells the narrative that started her hard journey of covering with a womb-to-tomb disease. As she describes it. â€Å"At the immature age of 13. when my girlfriends were believing about an approaching 1950s-genre sock hop. I found myself in a Milwaukee back brace to handle a curvature of my spinal column called scoliosis. The brace keeps the spinal column virtually immobile. It held my caput in alliance with metal bars. clear down to a plastic cast over my hips. I wore the brace for two old ages and the childs in my school would inquire if I had been in a auto wreck. I subsequently started high school in new Nike tennis places and the awkward metal brace. When I was a sophomore. I developed a terrible intestine redness episode which the physician idea was bacterial dysentery. It was atrocious. and small did I know that this was the start of a series of jobs that are all portion of a chronic disease. About two hebdomads subsequently. I developed painful puffiness in my right articulatio genus. It was terrible plenty to necessitate remotion of an remarkably big sum of synovial fluid. A few yearss after the right articulatio genus seemed to mend. the left articulatio genus swelled up. The same form continued for the following several old ages and the physicians said it was merely arthritis. I so developed an oculus infection called iritis in my right oculus. It was so terrible that it needed daily cortisone injections for 10 yearss. oculus beads and resting in complete darkness. For the following four old ages. I experienced terrible hip ( sacroiliac ( SI ) ) hurting that made walking hard. A pelvic X ray was taken. which showed merger in one of the SI articulations. I was tested and found positive for the HLAB27 cistron. The rheumatologist changed the diagnosing from arthritis to a unequivocal Ankylosing Spondylitis which is a debilitating. painful disease. without a remedy. that would go on to decline throughout my life and would most likely terminal with me crippled and in a wheelchair† ( Rasmussen. 2010 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a ruthless. familial disease that makes life really painful and hard for those affected by it. AS affects every bit many as 2. 4 million people in the US today. which is more than multiple induration. cystic fibrosis and Lou Gehrig’s disease combined. Scientists are presently trying to happen out what this disease is. how it is contracted. and what can be done to assist those who have AS pull off their hurting. avoid farther bodily harm and hopefully happen a remedy. Pathophysiology: Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis and an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is when the body’s natural immune system. that is supposed to contend against sources or foreign cells that enter your organic structure. misidentify its ain healthy cells as being encroachers and assail them. This can impact any portion of the organic structure or many parts of the organic structure at the same clip. In the instance of Ankylosing Spondylitis. the immune system attacks its ain cells doing arthritis of the spinal column. sacroiliac ( hip ) articulations and can do redness of the eyes. lungs. and bosom valves. It varies from intermittent episodes of back hurting that occur throughout life to a terrible chronic disease that attacks the spinal column. peripheral articulations and other organic structure variety meats. ensuing in terrible articulation and back stiffness. loss of gesture and malformation as life advancements. Signs and symptoms The get downing physical marks of AS normally start to look in late adolescence or early maturity ( ages 17-35 ) . but the symptoms can happen in younger kids or much later in life every bit good. The first symptoms of AS can include frequent hurting and stiffness in the lower dorsum and natess. and symptoms semen on bit by bit over the class of a few hebdomads or months. At first. uncomfortableness may merely be felt on one side. or alternate sides. The hurting is normally dull and diffuse. instead than localized. This hurting and stiffness is normally worse in the forenoons and during the dark. but may be improved by a warm shower or light exercising. Besides. in the early phases of AS. there may be mild febrility. loss of appetency and general uncomfortableness. Many people with AS besides experience bowel redness and iritis or uveitis ( redness of the eyes ) . About one tierce of people with AS will see redness of the oculus at least one time. Signs of iritis or uevitis are: Eye ( s ) going painful. watery. ruddy and persons may see blurred vision and sensitiveness to bright visible radiation ( Van der Linden S. 2009 ) . Changing degrees of weariness may besides ensue from the redness caused by AS. The organic structure must utilize excess energy to cover with the redness. therefore doing weariness. Mild to chair anaemia. may ensue from the redness. which can lend to an overall feeling of fatigue. In a minority of persons. the hurting does non get down in the lower dorsum. but in a peripheral articulation such as the hip. mortise joint. cubitus. articulatio genus. heel or shoulder. This hurting is normally caused by enthesitis. which is the redness of the site where a ligament or sinew attaches to cram. Inflammation and hurting in peripheral articulations is more common in juveniles with AS. This can be confounding since. without the immediate presence of back hurting. AS may look like some other signifier of arthritis. AS is more common in immature work forces than in adult females. Typically. 1 in 200 work forces have AS. whereas 1 in 500 adult females have the disease. The symptoms or form of the disease are different in adult females. Quoting Dr. Elaine Adams. â€Å"Women frequently present in a little more untypical manner so it’s even harder to do the diagnosings in adult females. For illustration. some adult females with AS have stated that their symptoms started in the cervix instead than in the lower back† ( Adams. 2010 ) . The hurting usually becomes relentless ( chronic ) . is felt on both sides. and lasts for at least three months. Over the class of months or old ages. the stiffness and hurting can distribute up the spinal column and into the cervix. Pain and tenderness spreading to the ribs. shoulder blades. hips. thighs and heels is possible every bit good. Advanced AS sick persons finally experience deficiency of spinal mobility due to spinal merger. Spinal merger occurs when harm to the joint and environing bone causes Ca to construct up which acts like a cement to maintain the castanetss from crunching together. Fusion eliminates the hurting caused by the castanetss crunching together. but creates the complication of limited flexibleness or stationariness. Diagnosis There is no direct trial to name AS. A clinical scrutiny and X-ray [ gt ; 0 ] surveies of the spinal column. are the major diagnostic tools. A drawback of X-ray diagnosing is that marks and symptoms of AS have normally been established every bit long as 8–10 old ages prior for alterations to be seen on a field movie X-ray. which means a hold of every bit long as 10 old ages before equal therapies and interventions can be introduced. Options for earlier diagnosing are tomography [ gt ; 1 ] and magnetic resonance imaging [ gt ; 2 ] ( MRI ) of the sacroiliac articulations. but the dependability of these trials is still ill-defined. Besides. MRI can be cost prohibitory ( Thomas E. 1998. pp. 343-7 ) . A physical scrutiny by a physician or rheumatologist is necessary in decently naming AS. The scrutiny would imply looking for sites of redness. and look intoing for hurting and tenderness along the dorsum. pelvic castanetss. sacroiliac articulations. thorax and heels. Other symptoms and indexs are besides taken into history. including a history of iritis or uveitis ( redness of the oculus ) . a history of GI infections ( for illustration. the presence of Crohn’s Disease or ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease ) . a household history of AS. every bit good as weariness due to the presence of redness. The Schober’s trial [ gt ; 3 ] is a utile clinical step of flexure of the lumbar spinal column performed during scrutiny. Ankylosing Spondylitis is considered a familial disease and surveies have linked AS with a familial marker called HLA-B27. However. proving positive for this marker is non a warrant that a individual will contract the disease. Approximately 90 % of AS patients carry the HLA-B27 marker but 10 % who exhibit AS disease features do non. The association between AS and HLA-B27 varies in different cultural and racial groups. 95 % of people in the Caucasic population who have AS trial HLA-B27 positive. However. merely 50 % of African American patients with AS possess HLA-B27 marker. Therefore. 5 % of Caucasians and 50 % of African Americans who have AS do non transport the HLA-B27 marker. In 2007. a collaborative attempt by an international squad of research workers in the U. K. . Australia and the United States led to the find of two cistrons. ARTS1 and IL23R [ gt ; 4 ] . that besides contribute to the cause of AS. The findings were published in the November 2007 edition of Nature Genetics. a diary that emphasizes research on the familial footing for common and complex diseases ( Brionez TF. 2008. pp. 348-91 ) . Together with HLA-B27. these two cistrons account for approximately 70 % of the overall incidence of the disease. Treatment with Medications There are many medicines available to handle AS and its symptoms. Depending on the phase of the disease and its rate of patterned advance. different medicines are recommended. Peoples respond to medicines with changing degrees of effectivity. therefore it may take clip to happen the most effectual medicine for handling person with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ( NSAIDs ) NSAIDs are the most normally used category of medicine used in handling the redness and swelling associated with AS and therefore cut down hurting and stiffness. For illustration. Ibuprofen is a generic NSAID and is found in nonprescription hurting stand-ins such as Advil and Motrin. They normally come in tablet signifier and are taken orally. Sometimes high doses of NSAIDs are needed to keep alleviation from the symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis. This can present a job in that NSAIDs can do important side effects. particularly in the GI piece of land ( tummy. bowels. etc. ) . NSAIDs can do decrease in the protective mucous secretion in the tummy. which can do stomach annoyance. In clip. this can take to heartburn. gastritis every bit good as ulcers and even hemorrhage. Peoples can take other medicines. such as alkalizers. to neutralize or forestall the production of extra tummy acid or take drugs to assist coat and protect the tummy and aid reconstruct the lost mucous secretion. Harmonizing to Spondylitis Association of America. there is a different category of NSAIDs known as COX-2 inhibitors ( or COXIBs ) have helped some patients cut down the hazard of GI complications associated with traditional NSAID therapy. An illustration of a COXIB is Celebrex ( Celecoxib ) . which is still being used to handle spondyloarthritis. Others. such as Vioxx. were pulled from the market because of possible cardiac side effects ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) . Although NSAIDs are normally the first line of medicines used to handle Ankylosing Spondylitis. sometimes they aren’t adequate to command the symptoms. NSAIDs may merely be partly effectual or the side effects excessively terrible to go on their usage. In this instance. a physician may order one of the undermentioned medicines: Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine is one type of medicine that can be helpful to some people with this terrible disease. It is known to efficaciously command non merely hurting and joint swelling from arthritis of the little articulations. but besides the enteric lesions in inflammatory intestine disease. It comes in tablet signifier and is taken orally. Side effects are comparatively infrequent. but can include concerns. abdominal bloating. sickness and unwritten ulcers. Rarely. person being prescribed this medicine can develop bone marrow suppression. which is why it is of import to on a regular basis supervise blood counts. Methotrexate Originally developed to handle malignant neoplastic disease. this chemotherapy drug is widely used and frequently really effectual for the intervention of arthritic arthritis. When prescribed for handling Ankylosing Spondylitis. it is given in much smaller doses. Methotrexate can either be taken via a self-injectable shooting. or orally in tablet signifier. When taking amethopterin. it is besides necessary to take the vitamin folic acid in order to assist stamp down possible side effects. Oral ulcers and sickness are the most common side effects. but can be minimized by taking folic acid. Because of other possible serious side effects. the frequent monitoring of blood counts and liver trials are required. Methotrexate lowers the ability for patients to contend infection. Therefore. patients taking it should avoid contact with those who are ill. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids such as Orasone can be effectual in alleviating the redness of AS. but the side effects of long-run usage can be really terrible. Corticosteroid injections into the inflamed articulations can supply impermanent alleviation of the hurting caused by arthritis or bursitis. In cases of Achilles’ tendinitis. such injections are seldom. if of all time used because of the hazard of tearing the Achilles sinew. Besides. the utility of corticosteroid injections to alleviate the symptoms of plantar fasciitis ( list hurting ) is non clear. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha inhibitors AS patients produce excessively much of an inflammatory substance called Tumor-Necrosis-Factor alpha ( TNF-a ) . TNF-a blockers are biologic medicines that have shown great promise in handling AS by adhering the extra TNF-a. therefore cut downing redness. TNF-a blockers slow the advancement of AS in the bulk of clinical instances. assisting many patients receive a important decrease. though non riddance. of their redness and hurting. They have been shown to be extremely effectual in handling the arthritis of the articulations and the spinal arthritis associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Examples of TNF? [ gt ; 5 ] blockers are: Enbrel ( etanercept [ gt ; 6 ] ) . Remicade ( infliximab [ gt ; 7 ] ) . Humira ( adalimumab [ gt ; 8 ] ) and Simponi ( Golimumab ) . Besides the frequently high cost of over $ 600 per injection. the most serious known side consequence of the TNF blockers is the fact that these drugs increase the hazard of infections. particularly TB. Therefore. a TB trial is normally required before get downing any of the TNF therapies. Patients taking the TNF medicines are advised to restrict their exposure to others who are or may be transporting a virus ( such as a cold or grippe ) or who may hold a bacterial or fungous infection. A really rare possible complication is increased frequence of malignant neoplastic disease. particularly of the blood. such as leukaemia or of the lymphatic system as in lymphoma. ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) .

Thin Client Operating System Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Thin Client Operating System Security - Essay Example In addition, thin clients have reduced downtime and significantly improved performance1. More importantly through is the fact that thin computers provide enhanced security as compared to desktop PCs. Thin client operating system describes a small size client OS which require much fewer resources as compared to fat clients which are much large and high resource dependent. This essay gives a critical analysis and discussion of the security implications which are related to systems such as Windows CE, Google Chromium and Linux which make use of the thin client operating system. Wide scale security threats and incidences are associated with machines or systems that are Windows based. It in this regard that thin clients have been described to be useful within networks of various organizations with a view of boosting their security. It is however important to note that thin client where originally developed with an aim of providing remote access to Windows which utilized them. Regardless o f this original function, it is notable that the concepts and protocols associated with thin client operating systems have helped many companies or organizations to significantly improve the security of their Windows. ... ilize thin clients such as Google Chromium, Linux and Windows CE allow the thin clients to access the central server of their networks for multiple or numerous user sessions. This is achieved through the capability of the thin operating system to utilize Windows Terminal Services. It is therefore notable that thin clients provide Windows which use them with multiple sessions which emanate from a central system3. This paradigm is similar to that of a mainframe computer. However the implication of thin client operating system on improved network security does not result from its ability to maintain an organization network which is composed of PCs that are Windows based. Instead, the role of thin operating system in network security is related or focused on the Windows servers which provide the main sessions for the network. It is important to consider though that there are drawbacks which are related to the application of thin clients to achieve remote desktops that are session based. The most significant of these drawbacks is network speed. It has been noted that even within a fast network, the application of remote access to desktops us significantly slower as compared to a PC. The reduction in speed is regardless of the security benefits which are associated with the remote access and as a result, organizations are mandated to make tradeoffs which allow them to decide on either the benefits associated with security or speed. The utilization of thin operating system by Google Chromium, Linux and Windows CE significantly reduces the overall costs associated with securing networks. Many organizations employ standardized and reproducible PCs with Windows within their system4. When thin clients are implemented in such systems and their networks, it leads to a situation

Assignment-Synthesis of a Protein Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment-Synthesis of a Protein - Lab Report Example Errors in protein synthesis produce polypeptides displaying a gain of toxic function which may confer an alternate or pathological function on a normal, folded protein. In case of enzymes, the hydrophobic core provides structural stability for the molecule and amino acid changes may result in unstable protein product that is temperature sensitive. As the catalytic site of the enzyme is extremely sensitive, a single point mutation (either a deletion or insertion or substitution) may completely abolish function. 5. The above sequences represent those of eukaryotes as the intron or the non-coding region (codons from 24 to 66, including 66) had to be removed before translating it into a polypeptide or a protein. Whether sequence is eukaryotic or prokaryotic, it can be identified by the presence of introns and exons. In the case of prokaryotes, the initial RNA molecule or initial transcript is equivalent to the final mature RNA. In most eukaryotic genes, the initial transcript is processed so that the mature RNA is different. Most eukaryotes have genes that contain introns that do not code for polypeptides. However, prokaryotic genes do not contain introns. Eukaryotic RNAs, after transcription, have the intron sequences that are removed/ spliced in order to produce the final mature RNA. The sequences in eukaryotes that are represented in the final RNA and code for amino acids in a polypeptide are called exons. 6. The tRNA anticodon sequence that would build this protein is complementary to the mRNA sequence. The tRNA anticodon bonds to a given mRNA codon, by hydrogen bonding between A-U pairs and C-G pairs. The above sequence represents the intron or the non-protein-coding region of the initial mRNA transcript. The intron sequences are spliced in order to produce the final mature RNA in eukaryotes. Introns play important roles in gene regulation. One of the functions of introns is that they